Gender Stereotypes In Trifles

Gender Stereotypes In Trifles The Nineteenth century was built around a society that contradict a strong point in the United States Constitution, that all men are created equal. Even though segregation was one of the main problems that got acknowledge, gender stereotype was often the case in most home throughout society. In the plays A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the characters show stereotype through gender. This includes the belief that women are lesser people, child like in their action, and in need of being controlled. Nora was the main female character in the play A Dolls House; she lived in a lavish home eating macaroons, drinking champagne and hosting banquets. Nora lived her life, in one sense, as a complete lie. She never thought for herself or had her own opinions. Noras father would tell her what he thought about everything, leaving her no opinion but his. If she did have an opinion of her own she kept quiet knowing he would not have agreed. She played his little doll until she moved in with Torvald, her husband. She felt as though she was passed from her father hands into Torvalds hands. Now she played the role of Torvalds little doll, pretending to take on his views of everything. This evidence of gender stereotype is shown in the way Torvald treats his wife Nora, and in the way Nora acts to please her husbands. In the first act of the play we come across the first instance of Torvald name calling his wife in a child like manner is that my little lark twittering out there?(Ibsen 796) This is the first of many names Torvald use to give his wife child like tendencies. Torvald also refer to Nora as a squirrel, a spendthrift, a songbird, and a goose. Torvald shows ownership of Nora by calling her my richest treasure, denoting his attitude toward Nora as his possession. This stereotypical oppression by Torvald serves a purpose of keeping women in their place, and keeping men on the top of the social structures. One can easily determine Nora as immature and childlike in her action, this stereotype is not only presented by Torvald, but by Nora as well. When Torvald ask Nora what did she want for Christmas she replies in a very child like manner. Nora speaking quickly you might give me money(Isben 798) when Torvald said yes Nora said Oh do Dear Torvald, please, please do! Then Ill wrap it up in beautiful gold paper and hang it on the Christmas tree. Wouldnt that be fun? (Isben 798) As one reads on Nora come home in say Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now. Cant we ? Just a tiny, wee bit. Now that youve got a big salary and are going to make piles and piles of money. With this excerpt, we see a child-like attitude, not only in Noras manner of speaking with the statement Just a tiny, wee bit, but also in her attitude toward money and the unrealistic expectations of making piles and piles of money. The following example also shows Noras childish manner in her personal interactions with her husband. Her manner seems more like that of a favorite daughter, accustomed to getting her way, than that of a wife, also keeping with the stereotype concerning control by keeping oppression high. Through-out A Dolls House, men are seemingly in the dominant position, and they manipulate their power to control women in ideological sphere so that their own identity and social status may be retained and be acknowledged by the society. As exposed in A Dolls House, men are in a financially and ideologically superior position over women while women are kept in a subordinate position and are confined to their homes as they are not economically independent and have to rely on their husbands for support. What causes this situation to exist in the 19th-century Europe is the social context in which people held the notion that men were supposed to be responsible to their families and provide all the necessities that a family needed, while women were supposed to maintain their sacred duty of a good wife and mother. In the case of the male protagonist Helmer Torvald, his ideology is conditioned by social standards and his conception of manliness is based on mans social values. Gender stereotype was not only shown by the male writers, but also by the female writers as well. In the play Trifle by Susan Glaspells the stereotypes made are those of the women being concerned only with trifling things, that are loyal to the female gender, and that women must live under their spouses. Trifles is based on an actual event that took place in Iowa at the turn of the Nineteenth century. The play Trifles involves a murder case that explores gender relationships, power between the sexes, and the nature of truth. In the play Trifles, the victim in the suspect is not the main focus of gender stereotype: instead the gender stereotype is presented by the investigator in his associates, follow by their wives. In the opening act of the play the men enter the house, follow by their wives. This stereotypical action was to show the dominate status of men. In Trifles, the male characters make several assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions show the way in which the men view the women, and are purely gender stereotypical. The first assumption that of women being only concerned with trifling things, is seen beginning with line 120 when the sheriff say Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves. I guess before were through she may have something more serious than her preserves to worry about. Well, women are used to worrying over trifles. These lines show the attitude toward women prevalent throughout the play. It is the mens nonchalance toward the small details that ultimately undermines the murder case. The second stereotype presented by the men concerning the women is that of being loyal to their own gender. In line 140, the County Attorney states, Ah, loyal to your sex, I see. But you and Mrs. Wright were neighbors. I suppose you were friends, too. This statement also makes an assumption concerning country women being neighborly. The County Attorney assumes that because the two women were neighbors, they were naturally friends, and spoke regularly. Because of the way the men treated the women they expresses discomfort at the mens violation of Mrs. Wright house. They didnt think about the law, instead they care more about the relationships than the rules. The action by the women shows a very stereotypical asset between the bonds they have for each other, instead of doing whats right by the law. The men try to diminish the female identity or role in the societal context by setting up in unfavorable image of female as ideologically submissive and dependent, that men are the subject or the absolute, and that women objects is existence and defined by males. The consequence of this stereotypical thinking causes the women to hide the truth from the men in Trifles. The women knew that Mr. Wright kept Mrs. Wright isolated from the world: Therefore the men remain oblivious to the action of the women hiding the truth. Their men vision and, their way of knowing narrows their focus in this play. In this case gender stereotype leads to a type of blindness on what happen in the farmhouse. If the men had discovered the evidence they would have had no doubt about on how to use it. The women discovered the evidence, but since gender stereotype was a factor it lead them to hold the truth from the men. As the women read Mrs. Wright story the understood it as if it was their story. I think the ir decision are based on gender, it springs from their maps of the territory, one fundamentally. The third stereotype the men make concerning the women can be found in line 159, when the Sheriff says I suppose anything Mrs. Peters does be all right, Do you want to see what Mrs. Peters is going to take in? Oh, I guess theyre not very dangerous things the ladies have picked out. No, Mrs. Peters doesnt need supervising. For that matter, a sheriffs wife is married to the law. It is here assumed that, because Mrs. Peters is the sheriffs wife, she will do only what she should. Mrs. Peters has been asked to bring a couple of things to Mrs. Wright in jail, and if she finds anything that may be of use to the case, she is asked to let them know. After Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find the very evidence that could incarcerate Mrs. Wright, they proceed to hide it from the men, providing the greatest evidence for the loyalty among women issue, and departing from the assumptions of women being trifling and subservient. In Trifles, the women both conform to and depart from the assumptions made by the men. Mrs. Hale has found an important piece of evidence, a dead bird. The ladies decide not to allow the men to know of the true reason for the birds death. This departs from the stereotype depicting women as only being concerned with trifling things. As concerns the loyalty of one woman to another, evidence is found in line 366 that seems to allude to such a bond. Line 366 begins when the County Attorney say Is there a cat? Mrs. Hale glances in a quick covert way at Mrs. Peters. Mrs. Peters say Well, not now. Theyre superstitious, you know. They leave. These lines also show a departure from the assumption that women are subservient to their men in that they lie to the men. In line 411 one can see more evidence of the almost sisterly bond between women. Mrs. Hale says I might have known she needed help! I know how things can befor women. I tell you, its queer Mrs. Peters reply with We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same thingsits all just a different kind of the same thing Here one gets the idea of women depart from the stereotypical roles assigned to them by men.

Does the Media Encourage Terrorism? Essay -- essays research papers f

DO THE MEDIA ENCOURAGE TERRORISM The news media of American society does not encourage terrorism. The only thing that the media encourages is knowledge of what is going on around the world. Unfortunately, some terrorist organizations use the news media to gain recognition for their groups causes and goals. Most of the time, the media will serve as force to gain citizen support for the government’s actions against a terrorist movement. The only problem with having the freedom of press that the United States enjoys is that everyone has a voice. When it comes down to an American killing an American, the media is not allied with the terrorist. In many cases the television and newspaper crews serve to work directly against the militia organization. Americans do not like to see fellow citizens die at the hands of a terrorist, especially by an American terrorist. Timothy McVeigh, probably unknowingly, helped in decreasing the number of American terrorist (Grosscup, 117). McVeigh’s act, bombing the Murrah building in Oklahoma City, was seen as so repulsive that many law-abiding people attracted to militias simply walked away. The majority of Americans didn’t want to be associated with anything like the killing of 168 Americans, even though McVeigh had only attended a few militia meetings. The media coverage for the bombing in 1995 gave the American public the education needed to assess what was going on in the militant organizations across the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &n...

Guidance of Young Children Essay -- Elementary Eduacation

My prior understanding of discipline was uneducated and inaccurate. I was certain that discipline was related to punishment and the goal was to have a particular unwanted behavior to cease. A child that required discipline would be singled out, scolded, forced to perform a chore or action, such as sit for a time out, or the child would have something taken away, such as television or toys. As a child, I grew up in a household with parents who were primarily authoritative. They tended to be fair; however they did use punishment through "grounding", which generally meant that we were not able to engage in fun for set period of time. Other times, we were instructed to perform some sort of labor of their choice, such as washing my Dad's car. I rarely misbehaved in school due to the fact that I was extremely shy, so I lacked the need for negative discipline however I can clearly recall other children being told put their heads down, sit in the back of the room or move to the hallway when the teacher would become exhausted with their continuous misbehavior. I became aware that many people including the parents of students still validate these tainted forms of discipline and may require some edification on the behalf of the teacher to discover more appropriate methods of discipline (EDC, personal communication, October 13, 2011). As my education with the childcare field strengthens, I have discovered that guidance is the appropriate method to be used to reach the goal of harmony in the classroom. "Guidance means creating a positive learning environment for each child in the group" (Gartrell, 2004, p. 21) With the use of guidance and a democratic classroom, children feel important and have greater respect for their teacher, whi... ...ng, and walking in safe, open areas while also providing children with the ability to safely push, pull, roll, and climb (Marion, 2012, p. 108). Younger children are just developing their gross motor skills and tend to fall or bump themselves, so furniture must be safe and low to the ground. Because the children in a daycare are so young, there is a higher risk of injury if the environment is not accommodating. In a school classroom, the majority children are sturdier, have more advanced gross motors skills, as well as prior knowledge about certain dangers, so while precautions have to be taken, they are not as extreme. Bibliography Gartrell, D. (2004). The power of guidance, teaching social-emotional skills in early childhood classrooms. Belmont, CA: Delmar Marion, M. (2012). Guidance of young children. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc

Chaos and Literary Comparison Essay -- compare and contrast essay examp

Chaos and Literary Comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: I will show how chaos is can be found in art, specifically in literature, and analyze John Hawkes's Travesty to show the similarities between literature and chaos.    John Hawkes describes the "artistic challenge" as conceiving the inconceivable. In accordance with that thought, Wallace Stevens says, "Imagination is the power that enables us to perceive the normal in the abnormal." It is arguable that chaos, deterministic disorder, is both abnormal and inconceivable to the untrained mind; even to the person accustomed to chaos, the imagination is key to his/her perception of chaos. Therefore, chaos can be found not only in nature and scientific studies, but also in art, specifically literature. This assertion can be proved most easily through an analysis of John Hawkes's Travesty.    The short novel takes place in a speeding elegant sports car. The driver, who is the narrator, refers to himself as Papa. Papa is driving his daughter and a poet and family "friend," Henri. While driving, Papa informs them that he is aware of Henri's affair with both Papa's daughter and wife, and he is going to crash the car and all of its passengers into the stone wall of a desolate farmhouse. His purpose for this violent action is not, as would be easily concluded, to get revenge--that would simply be a bonus; his real purpose is to produce art. Papa is somewhat of an artist, and he has decided that the ultimate aesthetic is produced by the melding of the automobile into a new complex array according to his mental blueprint:    One moment the car in perfect condition, without so much as a scratch on its curving surface the next moment impact, sheer impact. Total destruction. In... ...s difficult to understand without the help of an active imagination. If imagination spurs art, then art and chaos can be easily intertwined. Hawkes has produced a story, a piece of art in itself, that incubuses chaos, but it also contains an explanation of chaos as artwork and how the two relate. Often people only see the final product of both chaos and art; it is possible and easy to forget about the process and the plan behind them.    Works Cited Conte, Joseph M. "Design and Debris": John Hawkes's Travesty, Chaos Theory, and the Swerve. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Viking, 1987. Hawkes, John. Travesty. New York: New Directions, 1976. Hayles, N. Katherine. Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Literature and Science. Ithica: Cornell UP, 1990. Stevens, Wallace. The Collected Poems. New York: Knopf, 1954.

Conventional Supermarkets Essay

Retail Branding Strategy Retailer branding strategy can be defined as an approach planned by the organisation to achieve the organisation’s missions and goals. Retail branding strategies also facilitates in their competitive advantage in the industry. With strategies applied, companies can be viewed as a distinctive store as compared to other companies. There are various strategies that retail companies can adapt and one of the retailing strategies consists of seven factors; operating procedures, location, merchandising customer services, consumers, pricing, and promotion factors. (cite book) Conventional Supermarket An industry that we would also touch upon is conventional supermarket. Conventional supermarket is a departmentalized food store with a wide range of food and related products. The supermarkets are usually differentiated by their sizes e.g. a conventional supermarket is between 500 and 2000m2. (cite pdf) Supermarket Strategy Goods Conventional supermarkets should have a basic retailing strategy that they can adapt globally. Firstly, what goods do conventional supermarkets want to offer? A conventional supermarket typically offers a wide range of products and assortment and their merchandises would include both private and generic labels. Private labels are also known as house brands in food retailing. House brands were introduced to promote brand loyalty and are usually priced at affordable prices as compared to other brands that the supermarket takes in. Prices Prices are generally competitive in conventional supermarkets due to high competition within many firms for the same consumer with homogeneous product offerings (Dolan and Simon, 1996; Kotler, 2003; Lucas et al., 1994) Competitive price is defined as price of a product is based on what other competitors are charging thus it is not relatively as low as the old-fashioned neighbourhood convenience stores that are also locally known as ‘Indian Mama Shops’. Consumers Secondly, a supermarket has to decide on the target consumers in order to proceed with the location of the supermarket. Since conventional supermarkets offer largely food and related household products, they aim mainly on families that come from middle to low income. In addition, it targets working or non-working adults that are aged above 30 years. Location Since conventional supermarkets target on families, these supermarkets are located in the neighbourhood area with large trading area. The supermarkets are situated in residential areas as it is highly accessible and gives convenience for consumers. Their location might also be influenced due to location of competitors as it would enhance their trading areas. Operating procedures The operating procedure of supermarkets starts with Supermarket Licence which is mandated by the Environmental Public Health Act. Every business owners has to comply with cleanliness and food safety guidelines to prevent any food-borne diseases. The basic operating procedures that supermarkets have to follow are Hazard Analysis and Critical Control point (HACCP) system, cleaning and sanitation programs, pest control programs, waste management, transportation of finished products and maintenance program (Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore 2012). Store Atmosphere & Customer Services Conventional supermarkets have average store atmosphere whereby it is neither isolated nor too crowded. A good strategy that supermarkets do is categorizing the items for shoppers’ convenience in searching for goods. Customer services should be good as staffs play important role in assisting customers at the counters and shelves. Promotion Conventional supermarkets are one of the market players in the industry that invest highly in their promotions. Promotions include heavy use of newspaper, flyers and TV advertisements. These promotions have to be kept in line with the customers that supermarkets are targeting e.g. if the supermarket aims to attract younger customers, online promotions would be  preferred. Sheng Siong Supermarket Sheng Siong is one of Singapore’s largest retailers with over S$578.4 million in revenue for year 2011. Sheng Siong supermarket provides customers with both â€Å"wet and dry† shopping experience and their merchandises include a wide assortment of seafood, meat and vegetables, processed, packaged and/or preserved food products as well as general merchandise such as toiletries and essential household products. Sheng Siong Strategy Sheng Siong has complied with most of the strategies stated in the above. Firstly, the supermarket offers wide variety of food products and general merchandise. They also provide both generic and house brands products. The Housebrands stated in the image below are owned by Sheng Siong supermarket. (Sheng Siong 2012) These house brands allow bigger savings for consumers as they are priced lower than other generic products. Prices at Sheng Siong are generally low but competitive as we are able to find same products at other supermarkets at the same price. Sheng Siong supermarkets are located strategically in the heartlands of Singapore. With 33 stores located in the North, South, East, West and Central parts of Singapore, it shows that Sheng Siong aims to targets on every family in Singapore regardless of income status or age. Photo of Sheng Siong supermarket at Bedok Reservoir Road Photo of Neighbourhood opposite Sheng Siong supermarket @ Bedok Reservoir Road In complying with the operational procedures that are set by government bodies e.g. National Environmental Agency, Singapore Civil Defence Force and AVA, Sheng Siong has acquired licenses, permits, approvals and certifications for the business operations in Singapore (Sheng Siong 2012). Sheng Siong is also strategically categorized their merchandise for shoppers’ ease of identifying and convenience. Sheng Siong also provides consumers with a unique ‘push-basket’ for customers to shop at ease. Row 7 – Snacks/TidbitsWheeled basket Customer service is not really emphasized in Sheng Siong’s values but the supermarket offers weighing services for customers and they have many staffs in the supermarket to assist customers. Lastly, Sheng Siong has come up with promotion strategy using flyers and newspapers. One of their current promotions is lucky draw and winners are announced on the Sheng Siong Show. Weighing Service Sheng Siong Lucky Draw promotion 2012 NTUC Fairprice Supermarket One of the largest competitors of Sheng Siong is NTUC Fairprice. NTUC Fairprice is Singapore’s largest retailer with a network of over 230 outlets comprising FairPrice supermarkets, FairPrice Finest, FairPrice Xtra, FairPrice Xpress and Cheers convenience stores. NTUC Fairprice Strategy Fairprice supermarket offers a wide range of foods products and household merchandise as well. Similarly, they provide house brand which is named after the company’s name i.e. Fairprice. NTUC Fairprice supermarket has come up with a strategy of having discounts on their specific house brand in order to attract customers to patronize their private brands instead. The image below shows the differences of the prices between their generic and house brand products. Also, Fairprice supermarket has also strategically located itself in the heartlands within walking distance from housing estates and competitors. They currently have over 90 stores of Fairprice supermarkets located across Singapore to cater to varied needs of consumers. This strategy is to gather more consumers as competitors would increase the trading area for Fairprice supermarket. Fairprice supermarket located nearby Guardian and 7-11 convenience stores Fairprice supermarkets have also complied with the licenses and regulations of supermarket in Singapore. In fairprice, customer service is emphasized as a key value in order to serve customers better. They also provide self-service methods for the consumers to have a freedom in their goods’ choice. Their promotions are similar to Sheng Siong’s such as newspapers and flyers. Fairprice supermarket also offers festive promotions such as discounts in Christmas period. Pros & Cons of Conventional Supermarkets Conventional supermarkets serve both advantages and disadvantages to both retailer and customer. Firstly, supermarkets have the advantage of low cost of operations thus being able to sell goods at lower price. Due to low cost of purchasing products from suppliers, it enables customers to purchase products at discounted prices as compared to convenient stores which mark up prices of the products. Conventional supermarket definitely offers the freedom of selection to customers due to wide variety and ease of shopping. They also have high degree of efficiency due to elimination of service such as packing. It is also an advantage to customers as the shelves are easily reached out and the size of the shopping experience is neither too big nor small e.g. convenient stores offers limited products and hypermarkets offer too wide of variety for customers who do daily shopping. However, there are downsides regarding conventional supermarkets. References Genessa M. Fratto, Michelle R. Jones, Nancy L. Cassill, (2006),†An investigation of competitive pricing among apparel retailers and brands†, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 10 Iss: 4 pp. 387 – 404 Barry Berman and Joel R. Evans. 2012. Retail Management, A Strategic Approach. http://www.fairprice.com.sg http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/9407/1/sp07be06.pdf http://singaporesupermarketrecipes.com/fairprice-ntuc-weekly-promotions-week-37/ (ntuc promo pic) http://www.sgsaleinfo.com/v2.0/tagsearch/Sheng%20Shiong/1 (sheng siong promo pic) http://www.guidemesingapore.com/industry-guides/retail/setting-up-a-retail-outlet-in-singapore http://www.ava.gov.sg/FoodSector/FoodTradersAndEst/LicOtherFoodProcessEst/ http://www.asiaone.com/News/The%2BStraits%2BTimes/Story/A1Story20080205-48245.html http://singaporesupermarketrecipes.com/category/shopping-guide/supermarkets/sheng-siong/ (supermarket)

Didi Holdstock Oscar Nomination Film Studies Essay

To: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. This twelvemonth ‘s Best Picture Category nominations should be Steven Spielberg ‘s Jurassic Park. The adventure-filled movie shows narrative transitivity through the continuously progressing, capturing secret plan and the usage of realistic cinematography and station production techniques such as particular effects, wildsound and lighting every bit good as the carefully devised screenplay which displays a subject of scientific discipline versus moralss. The cinematic shootings of Jurassic Park merit to be applauded because of the attentive framing, angle and motion of each shooting in the movie. For illustration, the long shooting of the first visual aspect of the Tyrannosaurus Rex where the camera is placed at oculus degree, as if the spectator is literally some distance from the existent mayhem and the handheld camera moves with the T-Rex, yanking down and up with each, slow measure it takes – demoing the full length and power of the immense dinosaur. In add-on, an illustration of first-class cinematic shootings is Nedry ‘s brush with a Dilophosaurus. The camera cuts through several types of shootings: a low angled long shooting with the camera traveling as the eyes of the dinosaur through the tall grass, an extreme close up, over the shoulder shooting of the dinosaur with Nedry ‘s face in the spread between the flaps of its caput and a low angled medium shooting where the rib coop and external respiration of the dinosaur is highlighted with Nedry ‘s organic structure prevarication in the background. The assortment and specialness of the different shootings in Jurassic Park are exceeding. There is even an aerial shooting as a bull is lifted into the lair of the Velociraptors. In connexion with Nedry ‘s brush with the Dilophosaurus, the importance of coloring material is depicted through his bright xanthous rain coat amongst the green and browns of nature – Spielberg has brightened the scene through coloring material. Throughout the movie, he uses natural, bland colorss. Global, people can do the connexion between nature and escapade in Jurassic Park. This is another illustration of the intelligence of the manager. Furthermore, the lighting pays a cardinal function in the illustriousness of a movie and Jurassic Park is really familiar with this construct. In a specific scene, the kids and Dr. Grant wake up to a picturesque position of many diplodocuses. The subdued lighting of the landscape creates a composure, comforting temper after the on-going pandemonium in the old scenes. Silhouettes are created when Spielberg places the histrions in the lab, with a dorsum visible radiation behind two round Windowss – making deepness to the scene and doing the spectator feel insecure by the out of use visible radiation, adding to the suspense of the scenario. An first-class usage of cardinal lighting is used when a Velociraptor equals through the round window of the kitchen door with the light bright on the left, go forthing merely the right manus side of the dinosaur ‘s face distinguishable. Furthermore, the sound effects in a movie are of equal, if non greater importance to lighting. Both have the ability to alter the temper of the spectator and create pragmatism within the movie. In Jurassic Park, the most distinguished sounds are the dinosaurs booms. Each one holding its alone sound, enabling the spectator to match sounds with specific dinosaurs. Realism is besides created through wildsound, for illustration, the uninterrupted rain in the movie. The non-synchronous sound of Jurassic Park ingeniously alters the temper of the spectator. For illustration, when the characters thirstily try to get away from the Velociraptors, the music is fast-paced and becomes about baleful, doing the spectator anticipate their destiny. Or, another illustration is when Dr. Sattler runs through the jungle in her chase to return power to the park: the music is fast-paced and tense, but when she enters the edifice, the door sweep behind her seting an instantaneous halt to the non-synchronous sound, go forthing merely the sound of her heavy external respiration. The spectator ‘s pulse now has the chance to return to normal. Anticipation, suspense and tenseness are critical in a scientific discipline fiction escapade movie. Not merely are the cinematic techniques superb, but the chosen cast – including the astounding extended dramatis personae of attractively built dinosaurs – proved to be extremely successful in Jurassic Park. Their endowment, as histrions, is esteemed. This is clearly depicted throughout the movie through their natural behavior and facial looks ( as seen in their first brush of dinosaurs where the daze of Dr. Grant and Dr. Sattler is utterly converting. ) Even the kids of Jurassic Park are first-class histrions. In the kitchen scene the kids are forced to expose their best visual aspect of fright and insecurity when they are trapped by Velociraptors. Lex Murphy is perceptibly exceeding at this when she shrieks in fright whilst seeking to shut herself in a compartment of the counter. Good playing is indispensable in a movie to maintain viewing audiences interested and keep a sense of pragmatism. In the instance of Jurassic Park, barely any betterments in moving could be m ade. Further, there are many motives, symbols and subjects viewing audiences may come across in Jurassic Park. Such as John Hammond ‘s imprudency to construct the park because he can afford to, the contention of scientific discipline versus moralss – whether making life which was one time nonextant is morally right and Nedry, the computer-network applied scientist who amorally steals the embryos from the lab after being ‘paid off. ‘ Viewing audiences are left in expectancy of a surprising message when a streamer stating: â€Å" When dinosaurs ruled the Earth † flows over the scene in the dramatis personae ‘s last brush with dinosaurs. Throughout the movie, Spielberg inquiries the moralss of adult male. Hence, Jurassic Park is shooting at its best. Every facet of the movie is illustrated to flawlessness. The cameraman, manager and manufacturer must be extremely commended for their successful scientific discipline fiction escapade movie. It is possible that the subject vocal may still be recognised and enjoyed in the decennaries that follow its release. With the most advanced particular effects and shooting techniques the universe has seen this twelvemonth, Jurassic Park deserves an award every bit elite as that of the Best Picture Category.

The Critique of Dr. Larry Crabb and Dr. Ron Hawkins

Two theorists, Dr. Crabb and Dr. Hawkins have different theories but the same goal in mind when discussing integrating spirituality and psychology. The ultimate goal for all theorists should be to reach the needs of the client. Dr. Crabb discusses the difference between the process of a secular counselor and those of a Christian counselor. He explains that even though their ultimate goal is the same the avenue they take is different due to a different set of rules. Dr Crabb‘s theory relies heavily on the Bible and Abraham Maslow’s classical needs hierarchy. Dr Crabb describes the difference in how people perceive their problems, some take ownership, and other may blame the environment. According to Dr. Crabb, our reactions to our difficult life experiences take one of three forms: guilt, resentment or anxiety (Crabb, 1977). In Dr. Crabb’s book, Effective Biblical Counseling, he summarizes a three-level counseling program which can be performed by members of the church, using the concept that every Christian can minister the word of God. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not Salvation The first level is about educating the members of the church members on the basic practices and principles of biblical scripture, strategies of counseling and the tools to use to accomplish the counseling. The second level the uses scripture to persuade the client to perceive the situation and solution christianly. By using scripture to explain the situation and solution the client make the comparison to their situation. The third level is establishing a character which displays godly behavior that conforms to the standards of the church. The counselor should represent Christian values and principles in their everyday life. Dr. Crabb also discusses his four approaches to integration of Christianity and psychology. The first approach and the most balance of Dr. Crabb’s four approaches are â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). In the teachings of this approach Dr. Crabb changes the direction of teaching away from the traditional teaching that man has three parts. Dr. Crabb suggests that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). This approach also teaches that psychology is under God’s perfect, incapable of mistakes, brilliant revelations. According to Dr. Crabb scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity. The second approach is â€Å"Separate but equal†. This viewpoint establishes that psychology and spirituality does not mix anymore than if a person needs a serious operation they do not go to the bible for direction, they go to the hospital. Scripture is used to help a person deal with their troubling emotions or teaching of lessons. For example inProverbs 4:23 states, â€Å"above all else, guard your heart, for it is the wellspring of life. † The â€Å"heart† includes the mind and all that proceeds from it. Next we have the â€Å"Tossed Salad† approach which blends theology and psychology. It can be confusing because it does not blend in with secular concepts when suggesting Biblical truth. Last approach is the â€Å"Nothing Buttery† approach which disregards psychology all together. This approach says that all that is needed is Christ. â€Å"This is clearly seen in Paul’s commendation to Timothy: â€Å"†¦ from infancy you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work† 2 Timothy 3:15-17 (King James Version). He suggests that most patients are self centered because they seek counseling in their desire to be happy. He navigates away from the teachings that man is a tri-part creature and suggests that man has a two part division: The material side and immaterial side (p. 88). He explains that the path to true happiness is to be like Christ. He believes the goal of counseling is spiritual and psychological maturity and concern in helping people enter into greater worship and affective life of service. Dr. Crabb explains in his book that â€Å"Maturity involves two elements: long range character growth and immediate obedience† (p. 3). He feels that by using the seven stage model a counselor will be able to identify where wrong belief was learned, encourage expression of emotions surround beliefs, support the client as they change their beliefs, helping the client decipher the true meaning of the word, securing a commitment from the client to act on these beliefs, build a plan with the client on what action needs to be taken with their new beliefs and help them identify their lack of sin rel ated feels and the presence of â€Å"spiritual feelings†. Dr. Hawkins (2010) utilizes a set of concentric circles to demonstrate the factors that make up an individual. He starts with the innermost self, which is the core self. He explains that a healthy psychological person has a Holy Spirit at the core, He adds more circles to show how the individual’s personality in influenced. This is similar to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory, which describes an individual’s development within the context of the individual’s environment. Unlike Dr Crabb, Dr. Hawkins emphasizes more on working with the client to build an intervention where the client will take ownership of the strategy and process of personal change. Dr Hawkins describes the first phase of a four phase model to understand the real problem. The client talks the counselor listens. Phase two, is paraphrasing and tracking what the client is really saying. Phase three is setting up a plan of action involving the client so the client is engaged in ownersh ip for this plan of action and responsibility for its outcome. In the final phase the counselor supports and guides the client to take accountability in the process of change. Evaluation of Strengths and Weaknesses Both these theories are similar and the outcome will be the same but the execution is different. In both theories the strength outweigh the negative because they are letting the client learn about themselves and how to breakdown their own problems. Both men rely on God’s guidance to lead in changing hurting humanity. Each model is well put together and easy to use. Dr. Crabb’s theory is more detailed whereas Dr. Hawkins’ presented his model in a more condensed form. Dr. Crabb proposes the counselor guides the client to be godly like and use the scriptures from the Bible to help the client understand the situation in comparison of a parable in the Bible, the compare the solution to what can be done to fix the problem. Dr. Hawkins theory starts out with the core self and explains that a psychologically healthy perso n has the Holy Spirit at the core. As he adds circles to tailor the influences to the client’s individual environment and life events explain the client’s personality. The Counselor listens to the client and then paraphrase to make certain of the problem. The client is involved in the plans and goals of overcoming the situation. By doing this the client can take accountability and responsibility of the outcome. Personal Reflection and Application In reflection of both these theories, I agree that the client should be guided in understanding the problem and in using the biblical parables to build a comparison to the underline problem and the best solution. As Christian children we are taught from the bible and use biblical verses to understand what’s and why’s of life. In using Dr. Crabb’s theory we can break down what is going on in the conscious mind and what is hidden in the unconscious mind. As counselors, we can breakdown the how the problem developed and what we can do to change the situation. We can guide the client into making these changes to better their lives. Dr Hawkins’ theory makes the client be responsible for the outcome by using the demonstrating the concentric circles to demonstrate how the problem gave birth to using the client’s environment and personality to change the situation and have a better outcome. I, personally was very interested in Dr, Crabb’s four approaches of integrating Christianity and psychology, especially the â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians† (Crabb, 1977). As he explained that in this approach Dr. Crabb that man has only â€Å"two parts; physical and personal, or material and non-material† (p. 88). The physical side belonging to the material side and the spirit and soul belonging to the immaterial side (p. 88). When working with clients in a Christian Counseling scenario scripture is to have precedence over non-biblical opinion in a purposeful capacity.